STUART SPECHLER, MD: Since they're interfering with the stomach's ability to make acid in the first place, you can get much more prolonged relief from those agents, and it's one simple pill. You take a pill and you get hours of relief rather than having to take the antacid very frequently.
STEVEN PEIKIN, MD: They last longer than antacids, but they don't work as quickly. It takes about 20 to 40 minutes, maybe even up to an hour for them to work because they have to be absorbed by the small intestine, get into the blood stream, in order to work.
ANNOUNCER: People experience heartburn when acid from the stomach backs up into the esophagus, where it doesn't belong. Doctors call that condition Gastro esophageal Reflux Disease or GERD.
Millions of Americans find over-the-counter remedies provide effective relief.
But when researchers try to demonstrate effectiveness scientifically, they run into a problem.
HASHEM B. EL-SERAG, MD, MPH: Heartburn is a subjective symptom. There is no blood test that would determine if your heartburn is going better or worse. There is no endoscopic test that will determine if our treatment is doing better or not. And there is no X-ray that will detect these things.
ANNOUNCER: Instead, when researchers conduct clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of heartburn medication, they focus on what can easily be reported by the patient.